Experimental research often challenges traditional group contest theory, revealing that individuals’ decisions are influenced by other-regarding preferences. Building on this insight, this study examines how inequality concerns shape effort distribution within a 2×2 group contest framework. Specifically, it models players’ utility as a function of their engagement relative to their teammates. The findings highlight how heterogeneity and other-regarding preferences jointly influence within-group cooperation in conflict scenarios. These theoretical results resonate with experimental evidence, offering new perspectives on the dynamics of cooperative behavior under competition.

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